Each issue identified in the research can be categorised according to whether it is
•    a cause, or symptom of a cause; and whether
•    it relates primarily to the complexity of the sector or the change in the sector

Once categorised they can then be plotted on a matrix which is simply intended to be a heuristic device to assist in summarising the diverse range of issues affecting the sector, and their intersecting relationships.  It also locates the issues identified in the research with respect to the defined meanings of leadership involving change, and management involving complexity.

It is recognised that an issue may be viewed as a cause in one temporal and ecological context and a symptom in another.  A ‘cause’ here is a reasoning(s) or reason(s) underlying the research participants’ views on an issue.  Symptoms are the consequences, or effects, of the causes, that were frequently described by participants. 

For example, the majority of participants viewed funding and resources as the main ‘causal’ issue in the sector, and the reason for many of their other problems. However, a minority of more knowledgeable participants explained lack of funding as a symptom of inadequate leadership and management capability. They viewed funding as “elastic” and “unlimited”.

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